Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Cyperus Conglomeratus Root Extract Inhibit Osteogenic Differentiation of Immortalized Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Mohamed A H Alshamsi; Kareem A Mosa; Amir Ali Khan; Muath Mousa; Muna A Ali; Sameh S M Soliman; Mohammad H Semreen

doi:10.2174/1389201024666230823094412

Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Cyperus Conglomeratus Root Extract Inhibit Osteogenic Differentiation of Immortalized Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2023 Aug 23. doi: 10.2174/1389201024666230823094412. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Mohamed A H Alshamsi¹, Kareem A Mosa^{1

2}, Amir Ali Khan¹, Muath Mousa³, Muna A Ali^{1

4}, Sameh S M Soliman^{5

6}, Mohammad H Semreen^{5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
² Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
³ University of Sharjah Research Institute of Science and Engineering (RISE) Sharjah city United Arab Emirates.
⁴ College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
⁵ College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
⁶ Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

PMID: 37612859
DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230823094412

Abstract

Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a focus of huge interest in biological research, including stem cell research. AgNPs synthesized using Cyperus conglomeratus root extract have been previously reported but their effects on mesenchymal stromal cells have yet to be investigated.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of C. conglomeratus-derived AgNPs on adipogenesis and osteogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells.

Methods: AgNPs were synthesized using C. conglomeratus root extract, and the phytochemicals involved in AgNPs synthesis were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The cytotoxicity of the AgNPs was tested on telomerase-transformed immortalized human bone marrow-derived MSCs-hTERT (iMSC3) and human osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63) using MTT and apoptosis assays. The uptake of AgNPs by both cells was confirmed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Furthermore, the effect of AgNPs on iMSC3 adipogenesis and osteogenesis was analyzed using stain quantification and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Results: The phytochemicals predominately identified in both the AgNPs and C. conglomeratus root extract were carbohydrates. The AgNP concentrations tested using MTT and apoptosis assays (0.5-64 μg/ml and 1,4 and 32 μg/ml, respectively) showed no significant cytotoxicity on iMSC3 and MG-63. The AgNPs were internalized in a concentration-dependent manner in both cell types. Additionally, the AgNPs exhibited a significant negative effect on osteogenesis but not on adipogenesis.

Conclusion: C. conglomeratus-derived AgNPs had an impact on the differentiation capacity of iMSC3. Our results indicated that C. conglomeratus AgNPs and the associated phytochemicals could exhibit potential medical applications.

Keywords: Cyperus conglomeratus; Silver nanoparticles; adipogenic; green nanotechnology; mesenchymal stromal cells; osteogenic.