Spectral CT - a new supplementary method for preoperative assessment of pathological grades of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Yi Wang; Weizhong Tian; Shuangfeng Tian; Liang He; Jianguo Xia; Ji Zhang

doi:10.1186/s12880-023-01068-5

Spectral CT - a new supplementary method for preoperative assessment of pathological grades of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BMC Med Imaging. 2023 Aug 23;23(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s12880-023-01068-5.

Authors

Yi Wang¹, Weizhong Tian¹, Shuangfeng Tian¹, Liang He¹, Jianguo Xia², Ji Zhang³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Radiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, NO.366 Taihu Road, Yiyaogaoxin District, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.
² Department of Radiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, NO.366 Taihu Road, Yiyaogaoxin District, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China. shjxct@163.com.
³ Department of Radiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, NO.366 Taihu Road, Yiyaogaoxin District, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China. jizhang@ntu.edu.cn.

Abstract

Background: Spectral CT imaging parameters have been reported to be useful in the differentiation of pathological grades in different malignancies. This study aims to investigate the value of spectral CT in the quantitative assessment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with different degrees of differentiation.

Methods: There were 191 patients with proven ESCC who underwent enhanced spectral CT from June 2018 to March 2020 retrospectively enrolled. These patients were divided into three groups based on pathological results: well differentiated ESCC, moderately differentiated ESCC, and poorly differentiated ESCC. Virtual monoenergetic 40 keV-equivalent image (VMI_40keV), iodine concentration (IC), water concentration (WC), effective atomic number (Eff-Z), and the slope of the spectral curve(λ_HU) of the arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP) were measured or calculated. The quantitative parameters of the three groups were compared by using one-way ANOVA and pairwise comparisons were performed with LSD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these parameters in poorly differentiated groups and non-poorly differentiated groups.

Results: There were significant differences in VMI_40keV, IC, Eff-Z, and λ_HU in AP and VP among the three groups (all p < 0.05) except for WC (p > 0.05). The VMI_40keV, IC, Eff-Z, and λ_HU in the poorly differentiated group were significantly higher than those in the other groups both in AP and VP (all p < 0.05). In the ROC analysis, IC performed the best in the identification of the poorly differentiated group and non-poorly differentiated group in VP (AUC = 0.729, Sensitivity = 0.829, and Specificity = 0.569 under the threshold of 21.08 mg/ml).

Conclusions: Quantitative parameters of spectral CT could offer supplemental information for the preoperative differential diagnosis of ESCC with different degrees of differentiation.

Keywords: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; Pathological grade; Spectral CT.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Analysis of Variance
Esophageal Neoplasms* / diagnostic imaging
Esophageal Neoplasms* / surgery
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma* / diagnostic imaging
Humans
Iodine*
Retrospective Studies
Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Substances

Iodine