Post-stroke pneumonia: Factors associated with readmission within 90 days of stroke discharge

Abstract

Objective: The objective was to identify risk and protective factors associated with post-stroke pneumonia readmission.

Method: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 365 stroke patients who were admitted to Ascension Via Christi St. Francis Hospital in Wichita, Kansas from January 1, 2015 through January 30, 2020. This case control study used matching by age at a proportion of four control patients to one post-stroke pneumonia patient. Patients with and without post-stroke pneumonia readmission within 90 days of discharge were included in this study.

Results: Of the 3,952 patients diagnosed with stroke, 1.8% (n=73) patients were readmitted with post-stroke pneumonia. Compared to patients who were not readmitted for post-stroke pneumonia, patients with post-stroke pneumonia readmission were more likely to: have used a nasogastric tube during index admission, have used mechanical ventilation during index admission, or have been placed on a nothing-by-mouth diet at discharge. Being placed on nothing-by-mouth for fluids was also a predictor of post-stroke pneumonia readmission. Lack of acquired infection during the index admission was a protective factor for post-stroke pneumonia readmission.

Discussion: The pathophysiology of post-stroke pneumonia is multifactorial and includes consideration of dysphagia severity, bacterial colonization of the oropharynx and feeding tube, and an altered immune system.

Conclusion: During the index admission, patients on nothing-by-mouth were more likely to be readmitted, and infection-free patients were less likely to be readmitted with post-stroke pneumonia. By identifying at-risk patients, clinicians may be able to use this information to tailor future medical interventions to prevent post-stroke pneumonia readmissions.

Keywords: Long-term; Pneumonia; Readmission; Stroke.