BL09XU: an advanced hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy beamline of SPring-8

J Synchrotron Radiat. 2023 Sep 1;30(Pt 5):1013-1022. doi: 10.1107/S160057752300629X. Epub 2023 Aug 23.

Abstract

The BL09XU beamline of SPring-8 has been reorganized into a beamline dedicated for hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) to provide advanced capabilities with upgraded optical instruments. The beamline has two HAXPES analyzers to cover a wide range of applications. Two sets of double channel-cut crystal monochromators with the Si(220) and (311) reflections were installed to perform resonant HAXPES analyses with a total energy resolution of less than 300 meV over a wide energy range (4.9-12 keV) while achieving a fixed-exit condition. A double-crystal X-ray phase retarder using diamond crystals controls the polarization state with a high degree of polarization over 0.9 in the wide energy range 5.9-9.5 keV. Each HAXPES analyzer is equipped with a focusing mirror to provide a high-flux microbeam. The design and performance of the upgraded instruments are presented.

Keywords: HAXPES; X-ray optics; beamlines; double-crystal X-ray phase retarders; hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; high-flux microbeams.