Mitigation of acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity by the novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor alpelisib

Mohamed E Shaker; Hesham A M Gomaa; Sara H Hazem; Mohamed A Abdelgawad; Mohamed El-Mesery; Ahmed A Shaaban

doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1212771

Mitigation of acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity by the novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor alpelisib

Front Pharmacol. 2023 Aug 7:14:1212771. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1212771. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Mohamed E Shaker¹, Hesham A M Gomaa¹, Sara H Hazem², Mohamed A Abdelgawad³, Mohamed El-Mesery^{4

5}, Ahmed A Shaaban^{2

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
³ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jawf, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
⁵ Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
⁶ Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt.

Abstract

The sterile inflammatory response mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 4 and 9 is implicated in the massive hepatic damage caused by acetaminophen (APAP)-overdose. There is a crosstalk between TLR-dependent signaling with other intracellular kinases like phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Nevertheless, the detailed role of PI3Kα is still unknown in hepatic sterile inflammation. Accordingly, the effect of the novel PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib was investigated in the setting of APAP-driven sterile inflammation in the liver. This was examined by pretreating mice with alpelisib (5 and 10 mg/kg, oral) 2 h before APAP (500 mg/kg, i.p.)-intoxication. The results indicated that alpelisib dose-dependently lowered APAP-induced escalation in serum liver function biomarkers and hepatic necroinflammation score. Alpelisib also attenuated APAP-induced rise in cleaved caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the liver hepatocytes, as indices for apoptosis and proliferation. Mechanistically, inhibition of PI3Kα by alpelisib limited APAP-induced overproduction of the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the blood circulation via switching off the activation of several signal transduction proteins, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat-3), glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK)-3β and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Alpelisib also impaired APAP-instigated immune cell infiltration in the liver via reducing systemic granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) release and reversed APAP-induced abnormalities in the systemic and hepatic levels of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-22. In conclusion, selective modulation of the PI3Kα activity by alpelisib can hinder the inflammatory response and infiltration of immune cells occurring by APAP-hepatotoxicity.

Keywords: DAMPs; acetaminophen; alpelisib; hepatotoxicity; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.

Grants and funding

This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia through a research grant group to MS (DSR-2022-RG-0149).