When orthodontic forces are applied to teeth, bone remodeling, which consists of bone resorption and bone formation, occurs around the teeth. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) is a cation channel expressed in various cell types that responds to various stimuli, including mechanical stress, and involved in calcium oscillations during the early stages of osteoclast differentiation. However, in vivo expression of TRPV2 in osteoclasts has not yet been reported, and temporo-spatial expression of TRPV2 during osteoclast differentiation is unclear. In this study, we examined the TRPV2 expression during experimental tooth movement and assessed the effect of TRPV2 on osteoclast differentiation. TRPV2 was detected on day 1 after experimental tooth movement on the compression side, and the number of TRPV2-expressing cells significantly increased on day 7. These TRPV2-expressing cells had a single, or multiple nuclei and were positive for TRAP activity. Consistent with these in vivo findings, in vitro experiments using RAW264.7 osteoclast progenitor cells showed that TRPV2 mRNA was increased at the early stage of osteoclast differentiation and maintained until the late stage. Furthermore, a TRPV2 channel selective antagonist significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation. These findings suggest that TRPV2 may have a regulatory role in osteoclast differentiation during orthodontic tooth movement.
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