Long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 constituents is associated with dyslipidemia in Chinese adults

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023 Sep 15:263:115384. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115384. Epub 2023 Aug 19.

Abstract

Background: Ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) consists of various toxic constituents. However, the health effect of PM2.5 may differ depending on its constituents, but the joint effect of PM2.5 constituents remains incompletely understood.

Objective: Our goal was to evaluate the joint effect of long-term PM2.5 constituent exposures on dyslipidemia and identify the most hazardous chemical constituent.

Methods: This study included 67,015 participants from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study. The average yearly levels of PM2.5 constituents for all individuals at their residences were assessed through satellite remote sensing and chemical transport modeling. Dyslipidemia was defined as one or more following abnormal blood lipid concentrations: total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 6.22 mmol/L, triglycerides (TG) ≥ 2.26 mmol/L, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) < 1.04 mmol/L, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥ 4.14 mmol/L. The logistic regression model was utilized to examine the single effect of PM2.5 constituents on dyslipidemia, while the weighted quantile sum regression model for the joint effect.

Results: The odds ratio with a 95 % confidence interval for dyslipidemia positively related to per-SD increase in the three-year average was 1.29 (1.20-1.38) for PM2.5 mass, 1.25 (1.17-1.34) for black carbon, 1.24 (1.16-1.33) for ammonium, 1.33 (1.24-1.43) for nitrate, 1.34 (1.25-1.44) for organic matter, 1.15 (1.08-1.23) for sulfate, 1.30 (1.22-1.38) for soil particles, and 1.12 (1.05-1.92) for sea salt. Stronger associations were observed in individuals < 65 years of age, males, and those with low physical activity. Joint exposure to PM2.5 constituents was positively related to dyslipidemia (OR: 1.09, 95 %CI: 1.05-1.14). Nitrate was identified as the constituent with the largest weight (weighted at 0.387).

Conclusions: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents poses a significant risk to dyslipidemia and nitrate might be the most responsible for the risk. These findings indicate that reducing PM2.5 constituent exposures, especially nitrate, could be beneficial to alleviate the burden of disease attributed to PM2.5-related dyslipidemia.

Keywords: Dyslipidemia; Joint effects; PM(2.5) constituents; Weighted quantile sum regression.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Air Pollutants* / adverse effects
  • Air Pollutants* / analysis
  • Air Pollution / adverse effects
  • Air Pollution / analysis
  • Cholesterol, HDL* / blood
  • Cohort Studies
  • Dyslipidemias* / blood
  • Dyslipidemias* / epidemiology
  • Dyslipidemias* / etiology
  • East Asian People
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Nitrates* / analysis
  • Particulate Matter* / adverse effects
  • Particulate Matter* / analysis
  • Particulate Matter* / chemistry

Substances

  • Air Pollutants
  • Cholesterol, HDL
  • Nitrates
  • Particulate Matter