Effects of bovine respiratory disease on the plasma metabolome of beef steers during the receiving period

Francisca O Eichie; Godstime Taiwo; Modoluwamu Idowu; Taylor Sidney; Emily Treon; Deborah Ologunagba; Yarahy Leal; Ibukun M Ogunade

doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1239651

Effects of bovine respiratory disease on the plasma metabolome of beef steers during the receiving period

Front Vet Sci. 2023 Aug 4:10:1239651. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1239651. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Francisca O Eichie¹, Godstime Taiwo¹, Modoluwamu Idowu¹, Taylor Sidney¹, Emily Treon¹, Deborah Ologunagba¹, Yarahy Leal¹, Ibukun M Ogunade¹

Affiliation

¹ Division of Animal Science and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the impact of Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) on the metabolism of beef steers during a 35-d receiving period using plasma metabolomics. In this study, 77 newly weaned crossbred (Angus × Hereford) beef steers (BW = 206 ± 12 kg and age = 180 ± 17 days) were categorized into two groups: Healthy and Sick groups. The Sick group comprised beef steers diagnosed with BRD at any time during the 35-day period (n = 31), while the Healthy group did not show any signs of BRD (n = 46). Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vessels on day 35, and plasma samples were subjected to targeted metabolomics analysis using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. Data and statistical analyses, including biomarker and pathway enrichment analyses, were performed using Metaboanalyst 5.0. Results of the growth performance showed that sick steers had lower (p ≤ 0.05) ADG (1.44 vs. 1.64 kg/d) and higher (p = 0.01) feed:gain ratio (3.57 vs. 3.13) compared to healthy steers. A total of 50 metabolites were quantified. The partial least squares discriminant scores plot showed a slight separation between the two groups of steers, indicating some metabolic differences. Furthermore, the plasma concentrations of four metabolites (sarcosine, methionine, dimethyl sulfone, and L-histidine) were greater (p ≤ 0.05) in healthy steers compared to sick steers. Among these metabolites, sarcosine and methionine qualified as candidate biomarkers associated with BRD infection based on an area under the curve >0.70. Additionally, quantitative enrichment analysis revealed that cysteine and methionine metabolism was enriched in healthy steers compared to sick steers. This suggests that these metabolic pathways may play a role in the response to BRD infection. The findings of this study highlight the altered plasma metabolome in steers with BRD during the receiving period. Understanding these metabolic changes can contribute to the development of effective management strategies and nutritional interventions to mitigate the negative impact of BRD on beef cattle health and immune function.

Keywords: amino acids; beef cattle; bovine respiratory disease; metabolome; receiving period.