Dysregulation of adipokines levels among healthy first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients

Dyah Purnamasari; Cindya Klarisa Simanjuntak; Christian Tricaesario; Dicky Levenus Tahapary; Dante Saksono Harbuwono; Em Yunir

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18887

Dysregulation of adipokines levels among healthy first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients

Heliyon. 2023 Aug 2;9(8):e18887. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18887. eCollection 2023 Aug.

Authors

Dyah Purnamasari^{1

2}, Cindya Klarisa Simanjuntak³, Christian Tricaesario², Dicky Levenus Tahapary^{1

2}, Dante Saksono Harbuwono^{1

2}, Em Yunir^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
² Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular and Aging Research Center, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
³ Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Abstract

Background: Leptin, adiponectin and its ratio (L/A), as well as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) have shown association to type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Since first degree relatives (FDR) of type 2 diabetes are known to have higher risks of developing aforementioned diseases, this study aimed to see differences in adipokines profiles between FDR of type 2 diabetes and non-FDR counterpart.

Methods: Age, sex and body mass index (BMI)-matched normotensive-normoglycemic subjects, aged 19-39 years with BMI<30 kg/m², were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum adiponectin, leptin, and A-FABP levels were measured by sandwich ELISA while HOMA-IR was calculated from fasting blood glucose and insulin levels.

Results: Of 116 subjects recruited, there were significant difference of insulin level (6.00 vs 5.00 μIU/mL, P = 0.029) and HOMA-IR (1.27 vs 1.10, P = 0.028). Adiponectin, leptin, L/A ratio, and A-FABP levels were not statistically different between FDR and non-FDR groups. Stratified by BMI, non-obese FDR had higher L/A ratio (0.83 vs 0.49, P = 0.020) compared to those of corresponding non-FDR. In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age, sex, waist circumference, BMI, and metabolic profiles (HbA1C, HOMA-IR, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglyceride levels), FDR status became significantly associated with adiponectin level, and in non-obese subgroup, remained its significance with L/A ratio.

Conclusion: The FDR status was independently associated with adiponectin level. Furthermore, higher L/A ratio was more pronounced in non-obese FDR than those of non-FDR subjects, suggesting that FDR status may already contribute to the development of adipokines dysregulation before obesity occurs.

Keywords: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Family history; Insulin resistance; Leptin; Type 2 diabetes mellitus.