Study of the antioxidant and anti-pancreatic cancer activities of Anchusa strigosa aqueous extracts obtained by maceration and ultrasonic extraction techniques

Ziad Chebaro; Rola Abdallah; Adnan Badran; Kamar Hamade; Akram Hijazi; Marc Maresca; Joelle Edward Mesmar; Elias Baydoun

doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1201969

Study of the antioxidant and anti-pancreatic cancer activities of Anchusa strigosa aqueous extracts obtained by maceration and ultrasonic extraction techniques

Front Pharmacol. 2023 Aug 1:14:1201969. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1201969. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Ziad Chebaro¹, Rola Abdallah², Adnan Badran³, Kamar Hamade⁴, Akram Hijazi¹, Marc Maresca⁵, Joelle Edward Mesmar², Elias Baydoun²

Affiliations

¹ Platforme de Recherche et D'analyse en Sciences de L'environnement (EDST-PRASE), Beirut, Lebanon.
² Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
³ Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan.
⁴ UMRT INRE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Laboratorie BIOPI, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
⁵ Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSM2, Marseille, France.

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Moreover, the incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer are projected to keep increasing. A major challenge in the treatment of pancreatic cancer is the lack of effective screening approaches, which contributes to its poor prognosis, indicating the need for new treatment regimens and alternative therapies, such as herbal medicine. The medicinal plant A. strigosa, which is widely distributed in the Eastern Mediterranean region, is a short prickly plant from the Boraginaceae family that has been widely used in traditional medicine for treating various diseases. Nevertheless, its effect on human pancreatic cancer remains poorly investigated. In the present study, we screened the phytochemical content of Anchusa strigosa aqueous extracts obtained by maceration and ultrasound-assisted methods (ASM and ASU, respectively) and evaluated their antioxidant effects. We also investigated their anticancer effects and possible underlying mechanisms. The results show that both extracts were rich in bioactive molecules, with slight differences in their composition. Both extracts exhibited remarkable antioxidant potential and potent radical-scavenging activity in vitro. Additionally, non-cytotoxic concentrations of both extracts attenuated cell proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, which was associated with a decrease in the proliferation marker Ki67 and an induction of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, the extracts increased the aggregation of pancreatic cancer cells and reduced their migratory potential, with a concomitant downregulation of integrin β1. Finally, we showed that the ASM extract caused a significant decrease in the levels of COX-2, an enzyme that has been linked to inflammation, carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that A. strigosa extracts, particularly the extract obtained using the maceration method, have a potential anticancer effect and may represent a new resource for the design of novel drugs against pancreatic cancer.

Keywords: Anchusa strigosa; COX-2; apoptosis; bioactive compounds; conventional extraction; herbal medicine; pancreatic cancer; ultrasound-assisted extraction.

Grants and funding

This work was funded by the University Research Board of the American University of Beirut, Lebanon by a grant to EB and the University of Petra, Jordan by a grant to AB.