Calcium silicate cements have been greatly developed in the last decades through different approaches. Among these approaches, the inclusion of antibacterial agents or addition of metal oxides. Herein, calcium silicate cement containing fluorine (CFS) was developed from sodium fluorosilicate precursor for the first time using chemical perception method. Afterwards, metal oxide Bi2O3 or MgO or ZrO2 was individually mixed with CFS powder and blended together using Polycaprolactone polymer (PCL). The cement mixtures were characterized using DSC, XRD, FTIR and SEM/EDX to determine the effect of metal oxide on the pure CFS. Furthermore, mechanical, antibacterial and cell viability properties were evaluated for the developed CFS mixture cements. Moreover, these CFS mixture cements were implanted in male Wistar rats to determine the effect of metal oxides on the rate of bone reformation. The findings of physicochemical and morphological characterization showed no remarkable effects on the pure CFS after mixing with each metal oxide. However, enhanced compressive strengths (up to 104.07N/cm2), antibacterial activity and cell viability (up to 96%) were achieved for the CFS cement mixtures. Finally, the in vivo studies confirmed the biocompatibility of the CFS cement mixtures and especially those mixed with Bi2O3 or ZrO2. Therefore, this study supports that CFS blends with Bi2O3 or ZrO2 can be novel promising cementing materials for bone restoration.
Keywords: Bismuth oxide; Bone cement; Bone reformation; Calcium fluorosilicate; Zirconium oxide.
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