Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the distal common bile duct: Literature review with focus on pathological examination

Abstract

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the biliary tract is rare, and often difficult to diagnose or to distinguish from other tumors due to its atypical clinical presentation and nonspecific radiological features. Histologically, IMTs are (myo)fibroblastic neoplasms with a prominent inflammatory infiltrate. They are characterized by receptor tyrosine kinase gene rearrangements, most often involving an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation. The final diagnosis of IMT depends on histopathology and immunohistochemical examination. In this manuscript, we provide a clinical and morphomolecular overview of IMT and the difficulties that may arise in using immunohistochemical and molecular techniques in diagnosing IMT.

Keywords: Fluorescence in situ hybridization; Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor; Mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract; Next-generation sequencing.