Dietary supplementation of black rice bran to colon carcinogen-induced mice: Examining the development of colorectal cancer by improving environmental colon conditions

Slamet Budijanto; Winda Nurtiana; Amirotul Muniroh; Yeni Kurniati; Lilis Nuraida; Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto; Fitriya Nur Annisa Dewi; Ardiansyah Ardiansyah; Nancy Dewi Yuliana; Safrida Safrida; Hitoshi Shirakawa

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18528

Dietary supplementation of black rice bran to colon carcinogen-induced mice: Examining the development of colorectal cancer by improving environmental colon conditions

Heliyon. 2023 Jul 28;9(8):e18528. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18528. eCollection 2023 Aug.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.
² Department of Food Technology, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Raya Jakarta Km 4 Pakupatan, Serang, 42124, Indonesia.
³ Department of Food Technology, University of PGRI Wiranegara, Ki Hajar Dewantara, Pasuruan, 67118, Indonesia.
⁴ Department of Food Science and Technology, Indonesian Tourism Academy, Duren Sawit, Jakarta, 13620, Indonesia.
⁵ Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.
⁶ Department of Veterinary Clinics, Reproduction, and Pathology (CRP), IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.
⁷ Primate Research Center, IPB University, Lodaya II/5, Bogor, 16151, Indonesia.
⁸ Department of Food Science and Technology, Bakrie University, Kawasan Epicentrum, Jakarta, 12920, Indonesia.
⁹ Department of Public Health, University of Teuku Umar, Meureubo, Meulaboh, 23681, Indonesia.
¹⁰ Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan.
¹¹ International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Sendai, 980-0845, Japan.

Abstract

This research aims to identify the effects of the administration of a black rice bran diet on colorectal cancer in dextran sodium sulfate and azoxymethane-induced BALB/c mice. The research was conducted on three groups consisting of eight Balb/c mice: two groups were fed with carcinogens, and the third group, referred to as the normal group, was supplied with Isotonic NaCl 0.9% intraperitoneally. One group fed with carcinogens was supplied a standard AIN 1993 M diet modified with black rice bran as a substitute of fibre source, while the other two mice groups were fed the standard diet (AIN-93M) containing cellulose fibre. At the 17th week, all mice were euthanized; their colonic sections were taken for histopathological evaluation, and cecum for short-chain fatty acids concentration, total lactic acid bacteria, pH and β-glucuronidase activity evaluations. The results show an increase in the total lactic acid bacteria and short-chain fatty acids in the mice group fed with rice bran. Consequently, pH value and β-glucuronidase activity had decreased. Histopathological evaluation of mucosal tissue exhibited inhibition of the tumor growth rate in the mice groups fed rice bran compared to the group supplied with the standard diet. Furthermore, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression had decreased significantly, while expression of caspase-8 and caspase-3 had increased notably, in the group fed with a rice bran diet. These results suggest that black rice bran can effectively inhibit colon carcinogenesis. The potential of black rice bran as a source of fibre has not been studied in detail regarding the inhibition mechanism of colorectal cancer cells; further investigation in this field could provide valuable information about new strategies to prevent colorectal cancer. This strand of research is very important to developing preventive methods against cancer and promoting the concept of healthy products, including functional foods.

Keywords: Black rice bran; Colorectal cancer; Histopathology; Immunohistochemistry; Short-chain fatty acids; β-Glucuronidase.