Examining the origins of observed terahertz modes from an optically pumped atomistic model protein in aqueous solution

Khatereh Azizi; Matteo Gori; Uriel Morzan; Ali Hassanali; Philip Kurian

doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad257

Examining the origins of observed terahertz modes from an optically pumped atomistic model protein in aqueous solution

PNAS Nexus. 2023 Aug 9;2(8):pgad257. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad257. eCollection 2023 Aug.

Authors

Khatereh Azizi^{1

2}, Matteo Gori², Uriel Morzan¹, Ali Hassanali¹, Philip Kurian²

Affiliations

¹ The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy.
² Quantum Biology Laboratory, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA.

Abstract

The microscopic origins of terahertz (THz) vibrational modes in biological systems are an active and open area of current research. Recent experiments [Phys Rev X. 8, 031061 (2018)] have revealed the presence of a pronounced mode at ∼0.3 THz in fluorophore-decorated bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein in aqueous solution under nonequilibrium conditions induced by optical pumping. This result was heuristically interpreted as a collective elastic fluctuation originating from the activation of a low-frequency phonon mode. In this work, we show that the sub-THz spectroscopic response emerges in a statistically significant manner ( $> 2 σ$ ) from such collective behavior, illustrating how photoexcitation can alter specific THz vibrational modes. We revisit the theoretical analysis with proof-of-concept molecular dynamics that introduce optical excitations into the simulations. Using information theory techniques, we show that these excitations can give rise to a multiscale response involving two optically excited chromophores (tryptophans), other amino acids in the protein, ions, and water. Our results motivate new experiments and fully nonequilibrium simulations to probe these phenomena, as well as the refinement of atomistic models of Fröhlich condensates that are fundamentally determined by nonlinear interactions in biology.

Keywords: Fröhlich condensates; bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein; molecular dynamics (MD) simulation; optomechanical transduction; terahertz spectra.