Garlic essential oil supplementation modulates colonic microbiota compositions and regulates immune response in weaned piglets

Bei Cheng; Mingyong Huang; Tiantian Zhou; Qingqing Deng; Teketay Wassie; Tao Wu; Xin Wu

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18729

Garlic essential oil supplementation modulates colonic microbiota compositions and regulates immune response in weaned piglets

Heliyon. 2023 Jul 27;9(8):e18729. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18729. eCollection 2023 Aug.

Authors

Bei Cheng^{1

2}, Mingyong Huang³, Tiantian Zhou², Qingqing Deng⁴, Teketay Wassie⁵, Tao Wu¹, Xin Wu²

Affiliations

¹ Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
² CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
³ Hunan Tianxiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shaoyang 422000, China.
⁴ Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453004, China.
⁵ Oregon Health and Science University, School of Medicine, department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Portland, OR, USA.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the colonic microbiome compositions and immune response and reveal their correlations in weaned piglets fed with garlic essential oil (GEO). Twelve 21-day-old crossbred piglets with the same parity and similar weight (BW = 7.07 ± 0.37 Kg) were randomly divided into control and experimental groups based on BW and sex, which fed either a basal diet (CON group), or a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 g/kg GEO (GEO group). UHPLC-QE-MS showed the main component of GEO were belonged to carbohydrates, organic acid, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and terpenoids. GEO decreased serum IL-1β, IL-8 content and the down-regulated mRNA expression of IFN-γ, TLR2 in jejunal mucosa but increased serum IgG, IL-4 content and up-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-1β, TNF-α in ileal mucosa. What's more, the metagenomic analysis demonstrated that GEO increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota and Spirochaetes, while decreased the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria at Phylum level and Selenomonas_boris, Selenomonadaceae_bacterium_DSM_108025, Clostridiales_bacterium and Phascolarctobacterium_succinatutens at species level. Notably, the main function pathway of virulence factor (VFDB) enriched in GEO group were Fibronection-binding protein, Zn⁺⁺ metallophrotease and Capsular polysaccharide, while the main function pathway of VFDB enriched in CON group were heme biosynthesis, Lap and FeoAB. Spearman correlation analysis indicated the Spirochaetes had a positive association with IL-6 and IL-4. Acinobacteria was positively correlated with IL-1β, while negative with the IL-6; In addition, Euryarchaeota had a positive correlation with IL-4, but a negative correlation with IL-1β; Tenericutes was negative with IL-8; Phascolarcolarctobacterium_succinatutens and was negative with IL-6; Ruminococcaceae_bacterium was negative with TNF-α. While Selenomonadaceae_bacterium_DSM_108025 had a positive correlation with IL-8. In conclusion, our results uncovered that immune regulation effects of GEO may be associated with the microbiome compositions in response to GEO.

Keywords: Garlic essential oil; Immune response; Microbiota; Virulence factor; Weaned piglets.

Associated data

figshare/10.6084/m9.figshare.21929793.v1