Prevalence of bone loss surrounding dental implants as detected in cone beam computed tomography: a cross-sectional study

Fahda N Algahtani; Mamata Hebbal; Moath M Alqarni; Rahaf Alaamer; Anwar Alqahtani; Rahaf A Almohareb; Reem Barakat; Manal M Abdlhafeez

doi:10.7717/peerj.15770

Prevalence of bone loss surrounding dental implants as detected in cone beam computed tomography: a cross-sectional study

PeerJ. 2023 Aug 3:11:e15770. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15770. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Fahda N Algahtani¹, Mamata Hebbal², Moath M Alqarni³, Rahaf Alaamer⁴, Anwar Alqahtani⁴, Rahaf A Almohareb⁵, Reem Barakat⁶, Manal M Abdlhafeez^{7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
³ Dental Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Dental Clinics Department, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th of October City, Egypt.

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of crestal, and apical bone loss (CBL & ABL) associated with dental implants in CBCT scans. The second objective was to assess the radiographic stage of implant disease and the visible predisposing factors.

Materials and methods: The CBCT scans that were taken from January 2015 to January 2022 in King Saud Medical City were screened to examine the marginal and periapical condition of dental implants. Information related to demographic variables, stage of bone loss, and radiographically evident predisposing factors were collected. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis.

Results: In total, 772 implant scans were analyzed. The prevalence of crestal bone loss and apical bone loss around the implants were 6.9% and 0.4% respectively. The amount of bone loss was moderate in 52.8% of cases of CBL and 100% mild in cases of ABL. The risk factors for CBL were patient age (p < 0.001), implant location (p < 0.001), bone loss in proximal teeth (p < 0.001), and adjacent edentulous sites (p < 0.001). The risk factors for ABL were adjacent periapical infection (p < 0.001) and endodontic therapy (p = 0.024).

Conclusion: The prevalence of CBL and ABL was low. The CBCT can be used as a diagnostic tool for studying the prevalence of bone loss associated with peri-implant disease and relevant risk factors. The implantation of CBCT to evaluate the success and the prognosis of dental implants or the treatment of peri-implant diseases can be further considered in future research.

Keywords: Bone loss; CBCT imaging; Dental implant; Peri-implantitis.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dental Implants* / adverse effects
Humans
Prevalence
Risk Factors

Substances

Dental Implants

Grants and funding

This original research was funded by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R363), Princess Nourah bint Ab-dulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.