Objective:To investigate the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis （AR） in Ningxia, and provide theoretical data for the prevention and treatment of AR in this region. Methods:A total of 1664 patients diagnosed with AR in the Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Yinchuan First People's Hospital Outpatient Clinic from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected. Use the allergen sIgE antibody detection kit （immunoblotting method） to detect inhalation and ingestion allergens in patients.Results: ①Among all AR patients, 1 158 cases were detected positive, resulting in the detection rate was 69.59%; ②The detection rate of inhalation allergen was 65.87%, and the detection rate of ingestion allergen was 19.83%; ③Mugwort was the most sensitive allergen, and 76.32% of the patients having a positive grade ≥3; ④Out of the patients, 294 cases （25.39%） were allergic to only one allergen, 244 cases （21.07%） were allergic to two allergens, and 620 cases （53.54%） were allergic to three or more allergens; ⑤During different seasons, the highest number of positive allergens detected was in the summer, with 968 cases （83.59%）. Mugwort was the main allergen during this season （69.01%）. After the COVID-19 epidemic, the total positive rate of sIgE tests in AR patients decreased compared to before, and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.001）; ⑥Mugwort, dog epithelium, mold combination, egg, peanut, soybean, Marine fish combination and fruit combination all showed statistically significant differences between different gender groups （P<0.05）; ⑦Common ragweed, mugwort, dust mite combination, cockroach, egg, milk, Marine fish combination, shrimp, fruit combination and nut combination all showed statistically significant differences among different age groups （P<0.05）; ⑧There were statistically significant differences in hay dust among different ethnic groups （P<0.05）. Conclusion:Artemisia argyi is the main allergen in Ningxia, and the distribution characteristics of different allergens are influenced by treatment season, the COVID-19 epidemic, gender, age, ethnicity, and other factors, showing certain distribution patterns and rules.
目的：探讨宁夏地区变应性鼻炎（AR）患者变应原的分布情况，为本地区AR防治提供理论数据。 方法：回顾性收集2018年1月-2021年12月在银川市第一人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医院门诊诊断为AR且同期接受血清变应原特异性lgE（sIgE）检测的患者1 664例。采用变应原sIgE抗体检测试剂盒（免疫印迹法）检测患者的吸入性变应原和食入性变应原。 结果：①IgE检测阳性1 158例（69.59%）；②吸入性变应检测阳性1 096例（65.87%），食入性变应原检测阳性330例（19.83%）；③艾蒿是致敏程度最高的变应原，阳性级别≥3级的患者占76.32%；④仅对1种变应原过敏者为294例（25.39%），2种244例（21.07%），对3种及以上变应原过敏者620例（53.54%）；⑤不同的就诊季节里，夏季检出变应原阳性例数最多，为968例（83.59%），主要变应原为艾蒿（69.01%）；2019冠状病毒病（Corona Virus Disease 2019，COVID-19）流行后，AR患者sIgE阳性率较之前降低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）；⑥艾蒿、狗上皮、真菌组合、鸡蛋、花生、黄豆、海鱼组合及水果组合均在不同性别分组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；⑦普通豚草、艾蒿、尘螨组合、蟑螂、鸡蛋、牛奶、海鱼组合、虾、水果组合及坚果组合均在不同年龄分组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；⑧干草尘埃在不同民族间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论：宁夏地区主要变应原以艾蒿为主，不同变应原分布特点受就诊季节、COVID-19流行、性别、年龄、民族等因素影响而呈现一定的分布特点及规律。.
Keywords: Corona Virus Disease 2019; allergen detection; rhinitis, allergic; skin prick test.
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