Sociodemographic Drivers of Donor and Recipient Gender Disparities in Living Kidney Donation in Australia

Siah Kim; Anita van Zwieten; Melanie Wyld; Maleeka Ladhani; Chandana Guha; Amanda Dominello; Kylie-Ann Mallitt; Anna Francis; Roslyn B Mannon; Germaine Wong

doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2023.05.016

Sociodemographic Drivers of Donor and Recipient Gender Disparities in Living Kidney Donation in Australia

Kidney Int Rep. 2023 May 26;8(8):1553-1561. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.05.016. eCollection 2023 Aug.

Authors

Siah Kim^{1

2}, Anita van Zwieten^{1

2}, Melanie Wyld^{1

2

3}, Maleeka Ladhani^{4

5}, Chandana Guha^{1

2}, Amanda Dominello^{1

2}, Kylie-Ann Mallitt^{1

2}, Anna Francis^{6

7}, Roslyn B Mannon⁸, Germaine Wong^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
² Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
³ Department of Renal and Transplantation Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁴ Department of Renal Medicine, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁵ Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Adelaide University Medical School, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁶ School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
⁷ Child and Adolescent Renal Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
⁸ Division of Nephrology, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha Nebraska, USA.

Abstract

Background: Females account for 60% of all living kidney donors worldwide. We defined the proportion of female to male donors for living donor kidney transplantation stratified by recipient gender, and explored the factors associated with female kidney donation.

Methods: Data from the ANZDATA (Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplantation) and ANZOD (Australian and New Zealand Organ Donor) registries (2002-2019) were used to identify the sociodemographic characteristics and their interactions associated with living donation from female donors. We derived the predicted probabilities from adjusted logistic models using marginal means.

Results: Of 3523 living donor pairs, 2203 (63%) recipients were male, and 2012 (57%) donors were female. Male recipients were more likely to receive kidneys from female donors than male donors. Donor and recipient sex association was modified by donor-recipient relationship (P < 0.01), with sensitivity analysis suggesting that spousal donor-recipient pairs drive this interaction. Older recipients residing in regional or remote areas were more likely to receive kidneys from female donors compared with those from major cities (aged ≥60 years: 0.67 [0.63-0.71] vs. aged <60 years: 0.57 [0.53-0.60]).

Conclusions: Factors associated with female donation include recipient sex, with spousal donors contributing to the interaction between recipient gender and donor-recipient relationship. Recipient age and location of residence have interactive effects on the likelihood of living donor transplantation from female donors.

Keywords: disparity; female; gender; kidney transplant; living kidney donation; women.