Effect of Ionic Liquids on Mechanical, Physical, and Antifungal Properties and Biocompatibility of a Soft Denture Lining Material

Mabkhoot Alsaiari; Khumara Roghani; Saad Liaqat; Ali S Alkorbi; Faiza Sharif; Muhammad Irfan; Moustafa A Rizk; Maliha Uroos; Naveed Ahmad; Nawshad Muhammad

doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c02677

Effect of Ionic Liquids on Mechanical, Physical, and Antifungal Properties and Biocompatibility of a Soft Denture Lining Material

ACS Omega. 2023 Jul 17;8(30):27300-27311. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02677. eCollection 2023 Aug 1.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah 68342, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
³ Interdisciplinary Research Center for Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54590, Punjab, Pakistan.
⁴ Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
⁶ Centre for Research in Ionic Liquids, Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
⁷ Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effect of ionic liquids and their structure on the mechanical (tensile bond strength (TBS) and Shore A hardness), mass change, and antifungal properties of soft denture lining material. Butyl pyridinium chloride (BPCL) and octyl pyridinium chloride (OPCL) were synthesized, characterized, and mixed in concentrations ranging from 0.65-10% w/w with a soft denture liner (Molloplast-B) and were divided into seven groups (C, BPCL1-3, and OPCL1-3). The TBS of bar-shaped specimens was calculated on a Universal Testing Machine. For Shore A hardness, disc-shaped specimens were analyzed using a durometer. The mass change (%) of specimens was calculated by the weight loss method. The antifungal potential of ionic liquids and test specimens was measured using agar well and disc diffusion methods (p ≤ 0.05). The alamarBlue assay was performed to assess the biocompatibility of the samples. The mean TBS values of Molloplast-B samples were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) for all groups except for OPCL1. Compared with the control, the mean shore A hardness values were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) for samples in groups BPCL 2 and 3. After 6 weeks, the OPCL samples showed a significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) mass change as compared to the control. Agar well diffusion methods demonstrated a maximum zone of inhibition for 2.5% OPCL (20.5 ± 0.05 mm) after 24 h. Disc diffusion methods showed no zones of inhibition. The biocompatibility of the ionic liquid-modified sample was comparable to that of the control. The addition of ionic liquids in Molloplast-B improved the liner's surface texture, increased its hardness, and decreased its % mass change and tensile strength. Ionic liquids exhibited potent antifungal activity.