3D-Quantitated Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography: Impact on intended Management Compared to Lung Perfusion Scan in Marginal Candidates for Pulmonary Resection

Abstract

Objectives: Based on previous studies, single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) has been proven more accurate and reproducible than planar lung perfusion scintigraphy to assess lobar perfusion. However, the impact of 3D-quantitated SPECT/CT on intended management in functionally marginal candidates for pulmonary resection is unknown. The evaluation of this impact was the main aim of this study.

Methods: Consecutive candidates for lung resection underwent preoperative evaluation according to ERS/ESTS Algorithm and underwent preoperative lung perfusion imaging. The lobar contribution to the total lung perfusion was estimated using established planar scintigraphic methods and 3-dimensional quantitative SPECT/CT method (CT Pulmo3D and xSPECT-Quant, Siemens). The difference in estimated lobar perfusion with resulting changes in predicted postoperative (ppo) lung function and extent of lung resection were analyzed to reveal possible changes in operability. In-hospital outcome was assessed.

Results: One hundred twenty patients (46 females) were enrolled. The mean age (±SD) of patients was 68 ± 9 years, target lesions were in upper lobes in 57.7% and in lower lobes in 33.5%. The median FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) was 70.5% (IQR 52-84) and median DLCO (diffusion capacity of lung for carbon monoxide) was 56.6% [47.1-67.4]. The planar posterior oblique method, compared to 3D-quantitated SPECT/CT, underestimated the perfusion of upper lobes by a median difference of 5% (right [2-9], left [2.5-8]; P = <.0001), while it overestimated the perfusion of lower lobes (left by 4% [2-7], right by 6% [2-9]; P = <.0001). In contrast to planar scintigraphy-based evaluation, 4 patients (3.3%), all with upper lobe lesions, were classified as inoperable when 3D-quantitated SPECT/CT was used for calculation of the ppo lung function.

Conclusions: In selected patients with upper lobe lesions, 3D-quantitated SPECT/CT would have changed the treatment strategy from operable to inoperable. Importantly, postoperative mortality in this particular subgroup was disproportionally high. 3D-quantitated SPECT/CT shall be further evaluated as it might improve preoperative risk stratification in functionally marginal candidates.

Keywords: 3D-quantitated lung perfusion SPECT/CT; Lung lesions; Lung perfusion imaging; Planar lung perfusion scintigraphy; Pulmonary resection.