Comparative analysis of two navigation techniques based on augmented reality technology for the orthodontic mini-implants placement

Abstract

To analyze and compare the accuracy and root contact prevalence, comparing a conventional freehand technique and two navigation techniques based on augmented reality technology for the orthodontic self-drilling mini-implants placement. Methods Two hundred and seven orthodontic self-drilling mini-implants were placed using either a conventional freehand technique (FHT) and two navigation techniques based on augmented reality technology (AR TOOTH and AR SCREWS). Accuracy across different dental sectors was also analyzed. CBCT and intraoral scans were taken both prior to and following orthodontic self-drilling mini-implants placement. The deviation angle and horizontal were then analyzed; these measurements were taken at the coronal entry point and apical endpoint between the planned and performed orthodontic self-drilling mini-implants. In addition, any complications resulting from mini-implant placement, such as spot perforations, were also analyzed across all dental sectors.Results The statistical analysis showed significant differences between study groups with regard to the coronal entry-point (p < 0.001), apical end-point(p < 0.001) and angular deviations (p < 0.001). Furthermore, statistically significant differences were shown between the orthodontic self-drilling mini-implants placement site at the coronal entry-point (p < 0.0001) and apical end-point (p < 0.001). Additionally, eight root perforations were observed in the FHT group, while there were no root perforations in the two navigation techniques based on augmented reality technology.Conclusions The navigation techniques based on augmented reality technology has an effect on the accuracy of orthodontic self-drilling mini-implants placement and results in fewer intraoperative complications, comparing to the conventional free-hand technique. The AR TOOTH augmented reality technique showed more accurate results between planned and placed orthodontic self-drilling mini-implants, comparing to the AR SCREWS and conventional free-hand techniques. The navigation techniques based on augmented reality technology showed fewer intraoperative complications, comparing to the conventional free-hand technique.

Keywords: Augmented reality; Mini-implants; Orthodontic anchorage; Orthodontics.