Based on cylindrical photonic crystals in one dimension, a multi-scale sensor device with a logic operation is being proposed. At the same time, it can satisfy the functions of refractive index (RI) and magnetic field detection. Under the modulation of an external magnetic field, sharp absorption peaks (APs) are obtained in the terahertz (THz) range. In a certain frequency range (AP value above 0.9), as the particular InSb layers are applied to two different magnetic fields, APs of the same frequency can be implemented to operate as XOR logic gates. The results show that with a change in the detected physical quantity, the frequency point of the corresponding AP also moves. Therefore, by adjusting the position of the AP, the magnetic field and RI can be sensed, and the device shows relatively excellent performance of 6879.88 and 6943.65 in terms of quality factor. In addition, the optimal performance of sensitivity, detection limit, and corresponding figure of merit is 0.01264(2πc/d0) T-1, 2.25 × 10-4 T, 227.23 T-1, and -0.003779(2πc/d0) RIU-1, 7.69 × 10-3 RIU, 67.74 RIU-1. In terms of overall sensors, the proposed device is highly innovative in structure and meets the requirements of multi-scale measurements.