The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effects of a maximum repeated sprint protocol on (1) hamstring shear modulus and (2) knee flexor neuromuscular parameters such as peak torque (PT) and rate of torque development (RTD). Muscle shear modulus was assessed in 18 healthy males using shear wave elastography at rest and during 30° isometric knee flexion at 20% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction, before and after a 10 × 30 m repeated sprint protocol. There was a 9% decrease in average speed between the fastest and slowest sprint (p < 0.001; d = 2.27). A pre-post decrease was observed in PT (p = 0.004; η2p = 0.399) and in the 0-50 ms (p = 0.042; η2p = 0.222), and 50-100 ms (p = 0.028; η2p = 0.254) RTD periods. For the active shear modulus, the only significant change after the sprint task was in the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) with an increase of 10% (Pre: 26.29 ± 8.89 kPa; Post: 28.93 ± 8.31 kPa; p = 0.015; d = 0.31). The present study provides evidence that repeated sprinting leads to significant decreases in average speed, PT, early RTD (0-50 ms; 50-100 ms), and to an increase in BFlh active shear modulus without changing the shear modulus of the other hamstrings muscles.
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