Comparison of joint status using ultrasound assessments and Haemophilia Joint Health Score 2.1 in children with haemophilia

Yanju Li; Feiqing Wang; Chengyun Pan; Jing Zhang; Qian Zhang; Lingying Ban; Lingling Song; Jishi Wang; Zhixu He; Xiaojing Zeng; Dongxin Tang; Yang Liu

doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1193830

Comparison of joint status using ultrasound assessments and Haemophilia Joint Health Score 2.1 in children with haemophilia

Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jul 18:10:1193830. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1193830. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Yanju Li¹, Feiqing Wang^{2

3}, Chengyun Pan¹, Jing Zhang¹, Qian Zhang¹, Lingying Ban¹, Lingling Song¹, Jishi Wang¹, Zhixu He⁴, Xiaojing Zeng¹, Dongxin Tang², Yang Liu^{2

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Hematology Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
² Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.
³ Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin City, China.
⁴ Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.

Abstract

Introduction: Ultrasound (US) has gained popularity in the evaluation of haemophilic joint diseases because it enables the imaging of soft-tissue lesions in the joints and bone-cartilage lesions. We aimed to determine the correlation between US evaluations and clinical assessments performed using HJHS 2.1 and to evaluate their respective characteristics in assessing early haemophilic arthropathy.

Methods: A total of 178 joints (32 knees, 85 elbows, and 61 ankles) in 45 haemophilia A patients (median age, 10 years; range, 6-15) were assessed using US and HJHS 2.1. Ultrasonographic scoring was performed in consensus assessments by one imager by using the US scores.

Results: The total HJHS 2.1 and US scores showed a strong correlation (rS=0.651, P=0.000, CI: 0.553-0.763), with an excellent correlation for the elbows (rS=0.867, P=0.000, CI: 0.709-0.941) and a substantial correlation for the knees (rS=0.681, P=0.000, CI: 0.527-0.797). The correlation for the ankles was relatively moderate (rS=0.518, P=0.000, CI: 0.308-0.705). Nine subjects (15.5%) without abnormalities, as indicated by HJHS 2.1, showed haemophilic arthropathy in US scoring. All nine joints showed moderate (1/9) to severe (8/9) synovial thickening in the ankle (5/9) and elbow joints (4/9). In contrast, 50 joints (50.5%) showed normal US scores and abnormal changes as indicated by HJHS 2.1. S scores correlated well with HJHS 2.1 for overall and individual joints.

Discussion: US could identify some early pathological changes in joints showing normal clinical findings, but still cannot replace the HJHS; however, it can serve as an imaging examination complementing HJHS 2.

Keywords: Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS); arthropathy; children; haemophilia; ultrasonography.