Perceived need for care and stigma experiences among individuals with methamphetamine-related admissions to inpatient mental health wards

Abstract

Background: There are gaps in our understanding of treatment needs among people who use methamphetamine. We examined the demographics, perceived treatment needs, barriers to accessing care, and stigma experienced by an inpatient sample of people who use methamphetamine.

Methods: This study surveyed a convenience sample of patients admitted to psychiatry wards with a history of methamphetamine use in Winnipeg, Canada, between May 1 and July 31, 2019. The Perceived Need for Care Questionnaire (PNCQ-9) was used to assess treatment needs and barriers to care, and the Substance Use Stigma Mechanisms Scale (SU-SMS) was used to assess enacted, anticipated, and internalized stigma. Prevalence rates of perceived need, stigma, and demographic variables were determined.

Results: A total of 103 potential participants were identified, with 34 completing the survey. The most common age group was 21-30 years of age (41.2%); an approximate equal number of men and women; and almost all were single and never married (91.1%). Rates of perceived need for care were very high across all treatment types, including 91% identifying a need for medication treatment for their mental health or substance use. Despite the majority receiving care across the seven types of care described in the PNCQ-9, most felt they did not receive enough care. Unmet need for care was therefore high in many categories, including rates of 87% for counselling and skills training. The most common barriers to having needs met were a desire to self-manage substance use, and not receiving care after asking for help. Almost all participants reported experiencing stigma (94%). Stigma from family was endorsed significantly more than stigma from health care providers (p = 0.005).

Conclusions: The average hospitalized person who uses methamphetamine in this sample is young, single, and has not completed any post-secondary education. High rates of perceived treatment need suggest an awareness of problems with methamphetamine, yet most interventions are perceived as inadequate. People who used methamphetamine felt highly stigmatized, particularly by their family members. Trial registration Registered with the Health Research Ethics Board at the University of Manitoba (Number HS22605 (H2019:072), renewed February 14, 2022).

Keywords: Canada; Methamphetamine; Perceived need; Stigma.