Key determinants for signaling in the sensory rhodopsin II/transducer complex are different between Halobacterium salinarum and Natronomonas pharaonis

Abstract

The cell membrane of Halobacterium salinarum contains a retinal-binding photoreceptor, sensory rhodopsin II (HsSRII), coupled with its cognate transducer (HsHtrII), allowing repellent phototaxis behavior for shorter wavelength light. Previous studies on SRII from Natronomonas pharaonis (NpSRII) pointed out the importance of the hydrogen bonding interaction between Thr204^NpSRII and Tyr174^NpSRII in signal transfer from SRII to HtrII. Here, we investigated the effect on phototactic function by replacing residues in HsSRII corresponding to Thr204^NpSRII and Tyr174^NpSRII . Whereas replacement of either residue altered the photocycle kinetics, introduction of any mutations at Ser201^HsSRII and Tyr171^HsSRII did not eliminate negative phototaxis function. These observations imply the possibility of the presence of an unidentified molecular mechanism for photophobic signal transduction differing from NpSRII-NpHtrII.

Keywords: phoborhodopsin; photocycle; phototaxis; retinal; sensory rhodopsin II; signal transduction.