Objective: To explore the characteristics of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) in Chinese children in order to provide a reference for early diagnosis.
Methods: With Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, SDS, SBDS gene and inherited bone marrow failure as the keywords, the search period was set from January 2002 to October 2022. Relevant literature was retrieved from the Wanfang Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. In addition, by using Shwachman-diamond syndrome as a keyword, the search period was also retrieved from the Web of Science, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases from January 2002 to October 2022. A child with SDS treated at the Tongji Hospital was also included. A total of 44 cases with complete clinical data were analyzed with reference to the International Standard for SDS Diagnosis. Chi-square test and t test were used for statistical analysis. Evidence-based research was carried out in the form of systematic review. The epidemiology, clinical characteristics and key points of early diagnosis of the Chinese SDS children were summarized and compared with the international data.
Results: The main characteristics of SDS in Chinese children were summarized as follows: The ratio of males to females was about 1.3 : 1, the median age of onset was 3 months, and the median age of diagnosis was 14 months. The first symptoms were often exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (31.8%) and granulocytopenia with infection (31.8%). According to the international consensus, the incidence rates of the three major diseases of SDS were hemocytopenia (95.4%), pancreatic disease (72.7%), and bone abnormality (40.9%). The common factors underlying SDS disease were variants of the SBDS gene (c.258+2T>C and c.183_184TA>CT), albeit there was no significant correlation between genotype and phenotype (P > 0.05). Compared with international reports, the clinical manifestations and genotypes of Chinese SDS children are different (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The SDS children have an early age of onset and significant individual difference. It is necessary to analyze the case-related data to facilitate early recognition, diagnosis and clinical intervention.