High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin for Risk Assessment in Patients With Chronic Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Background: Cardiac troponin is used for risk stratification of patients with acute coronary syndromes; however, the role of testing in other settings remains unclear.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether cardiac troponin testing could enhance risk stratification in patients with chronic coronary artery disease independent of disease severity and conventional risk measures.

Methods: In a prospective cohort of consecutive patients with symptoms suggestive of stable angina attending for outpatient coronary angiography, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I was measured before angiography, and clinicians were blinded to the results. The primary outcome was myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death during follow-up.

Results: In 4,240 patients (age 66 years [IQR: 59-73 years], 33% female), coronary artery disease was identified in 3,888 (92%) who had 255 (6%) primary outcome events during a median follow-up of 2.4 years (IQR: 1.3-3.6 years). In patients with coronary artery disease, troponin concentrations were 2-fold higher in those with an event compared with those without (6.7 ng/L [IQR: 3.2-14.2 ng/L] vs 3.3 ng/L [IQR: 1.7-6.6 ng/L]; P < 0.001). Troponin concentrations were associated with the primary outcome after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery disease severity (adjusted HR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.7-3.0, log₁₀ troponin; P < 0.001). A troponin concentration >10 ng/L identified patients with a 50% increase in the risk of myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death.

Conclusions: In patients with chronic coronary artery disease, cardiac troponin predicts risk of myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death independent of cardiovascular risk factors and disease severity. Further studies are required to evaluate whether routine testing could inform the selection of high-risk patients for treatment intensification. (Myocardial Injury in Patients Referred for Coronary Angiography [MICA]; ISRCTN15620297).

Keywords: cardiac troponin; chronic coronary artery disease; coronary angiography; myocardial infarction; risk prediction.