Source apportionment of consumed volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere

Yao Gu; Baoshuang Liu; He Meng; Shaojie Song; Qili Dai; Laiyuan Shi; Yinchang Feng; Philip K Hopke

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132138

Source apportionment of consumed volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere

J Hazard Mater. 2023 Oct 5:459:132138. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132138. Epub 2023 Jul 24.

Authors

Yao Gu¹, Baoshuang Liu², He Meng³, Shaojie Song¹, Qili Dai¹, Laiyuan Shi³, Yinchang Feng¹, Philip K Hopke⁴

Affiliations

¹ State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China.
² State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China. Electronic address: lbsnankai@foxmail.com.
³ Qingdao Eco-environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, China.
⁴ Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA.

PMID: 37531767
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132138

Abstract

Conventional source apportionments of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been based on observed and initial concentrations after photochemical correction. However, these results have not been related to ozone (O₃) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. Thus, the apportioned contributions could not effectively support secondary pollution control development. Source apportionment of the VOCs consumed in forming O₃ and SOA is needed. A consumed VOC source apportionment approach was developed and applied to hourly speciated VOCs data from June to August 2022 measured in Laoshan, Qingdao. Biogenic emissions (56.3%), vehicle emissions (17.2%), and gasoline evaporation (9.37%) were the main sources of consumed VOCs. High consumed VOCs from biogenic emissions mainly occurred during transport from parks to the southwest and northwest of study site. During the O₃ pollution period, biogenic emissions (46.3%), vehicle emissions (24.2%), and gasoline evaporation (14.3%) provided the largest contributions to the consumed VOCs. However, biogenic emissions contribution increased to 57.1% during the non-O₃ pollution period, and vehicle emissions and gasoline evaporation decreased to 16.5% and 9.01%, respectively. Biogenic emissions and the mixed source of combustion sources and solvent use contributed the most to O₃ and SOA formation potentials during the O₃ pollution period, respectively.

Keywords: Consumed VOCs; Ozone; PMF; Photochemical loss; Source apportionment.