Estimating presymptomatic episodic memory impairment using simple hand movement tests: A cross-sectional study of a large sample of older adults

Alzheimers Dement. 2024 Jan;20(1):173-182. doi: 10.1002/alz.13401. Epub 2023 Jul 30.

Abstract

Introduction: Finding low-cost methods to detect early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a research priority for neuroprotective drug development. Presymptomatic Alzheimer's is associated with gait impairment but hand motor tests, which are more accessible, have hardly been investigated. This study evaluated how home-based Tasmanian (TAS) Test keyboard tapping tests predict episodic memory performance.

Methods: 1169 community participants (65.8 ± 7.4 years old; 73% female) without cognitive symptoms completed online single-key and alternate-key tapping tests and episodic memory, working memory, and executive function cognitive tests.

Results: All single-key (R2 adj = 8.8%, ΔAIC = 5.2) and alternate-key (R2 adj = 9.1%, ΔAIC = 8.8) motor features predicted episodic memory performance relative to demographic and mood confounders only (R2 adj = 8.1%). No tapping features improved estimation of working memory.

Discussion: Brief self-administered online hand movement tests predict asymptomatic episodic memory impairment. This provides a potential low-cost home-based method for stratification of enriched cohorts.

Highlights: We devised two brief online keyboard tapping tests to assess hand motor function. 1169 cognitively asymptomatic adults completed motor- and cognitive tests online. Impaired hand motor function predicted reduced episodic memory performance. This brief self-administered test may aid stratification of community cohorts.

Keywords: TAS Test; asymptomatic older adults; early Alzheimer's disease; episodic memory; hand motor function; keyboard tapping tests; motor-cognitive.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Alzheimer Disease* / complications
  • Cognitive Dysfunction* / psychology
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Memory Disorders / diagnosis
  • Memory, Episodic*
  • Middle Aged
  • Neuropsychological Tests