Electroacupuncture for weight loss by regulating microglial polarization in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus

Life Sci. 2023 Oct 1:330:121981. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121981. Epub 2023 Jul 28.

Abstract

Electroacupuncture (EA) has a weight loss effect, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of weight loss with EA have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of EA on the phenotype of hypothalamic microglia in obese mice. A total of 50 male C57BL/6J mice were used in this study. There were three groups in this experiment: The conventional diet group (Chow group), the high-fat diet group (HFD group), and the EA intervention group (HFD + EA group). EA was applied at "Tianshu (ST25)", "Guanyuan (RN4)", "Zusanli (ST36)" and "Zhongwan (RN12)" every day for 10 min. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemical staining, and real-time PCR were applied in this study. The results showed that EA intervention was associated with a decrease in body weight, food intake, adipose tissue weight, and adipocyte size. At the same time, EA induced microglia to exhibit an M2 phenotype, representing reduced iNOS/TNF-α and increased Arg-1/IL-10/BDNF, which may be due to the promotion of TREM2 expression. EA also reduced microglia enrichment in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and declined TLR4 and IL-6, inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. In addition, EA treatment promoted POMC expression, which may be associated with reduced food intake and weight loss in obese mice. This work provides novel evidence of EA against obesity. However, further study is necessary of EA as a therapy for obesity.

Keywords: Anti-inflammation; Electroacupuncture (EA); Microglial polarization; Weight loss.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus* / metabolism
  • Diet, High-Fat / adverse effects
  • Electroacupuncture*
  • Hypothalamus / metabolism
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Obese
  • Microglia / metabolism
  • Obesity / metabolism