Rapid antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2-a synopsis of the medical evidence

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2023 Oct;107(2):116027. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116027. Epub 2023 Jul 14.

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, continues to influence health, economy, and stability worldwide. Diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 is important to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. With the commercial availability of certified antigen (Ag) rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), which can be used to identify an infection with SARS-CoV-2 an easy-to-use tool was introduced. Self-tests can offer advantages to complement professionally administered rapid antigen detection or nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT). Compared to real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Ag-RDTs are cost inexpensive, do not need specialized laboratory equipment, facilitating high-throughput testing. However, Ag-RDT sensitivities are strongly dependent on the viral load within the specimen, which has limited their application in clinical settings so far. The methodical limitations of Ag-RDTs may produce false negative test results, particularly when specimens with low viral loads are examined. This may facilitate viral transmissions if protective measurements are lifted mistakenly.

Keywords: Antigen test; COVID-19; RDT; Rapid antigen detection test; Rapid diagnostic test; SARS-CoV-2.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antigens, Viral
  • COVID-19* / diagnosis
  • Humans
  • Immunologic Tests
  • Pandemics
  • Rapid Diagnostic Tests
  • SARS-CoV-2*
  • Sensitivity and Specificity

Substances

  • Antigens, Viral