Nicotinamide Efficiently Suppresses Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Porcine Deltacoronavirus Replication

Viruses. 2023 Jul 21;15(7):1591. doi: 10.3390/v15071591.

Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), members of the genus Coronavirus, mainly cause acute diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration in piglets, and thus lead to serious economic losses. In this study, we investigated the effects of nicotinamide (NAM) on PEDV and PDCoV replication and found that NAM treatment significantly inhibited PEDV and PDCoV reproduction. Moreover, NAM plays an important role in replication processes. NAM primarily inhibited PEDV and PDCoV RNA and protein synthesis rather than other processes. Furthermore, we discovered that NAM treatment likely inhibits the replication of PEDV and PDCoV by downregulating the expression of transcription factors through activation of the ERK1/2/MAPK pathway. Overall, this study is the first to suggest that NAM might be not only an important antiviral factor for swine intestinal coronavirus, but also a potential candidate to be evaluated in the context of other human and animal coronaviruses.

Keywords: nicotinamide; porcine deltacoronavirus; porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; replication.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Coronavirus Infections*
  • Coronavirus* / genetics
  • Deltacoronavirus
  • Diarrhea
  • Humans
  • Niacinamide / pharmacology
  • Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus* / genetics
  • Swine
  • Swine Diseases*
  • Virus Replication

Substances

  • Niacinamide

Supplementary concepts

  • Porcine coronavirus HKU15

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (1610312021011), the National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs (NCTIP-XD/C 03), the China Agriculture Research System (grant No. CARS-35) and the Technology Major Project of Gansu Province (21ZD3NA001).