The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have been variably associated with thromboembolic events (TEs) in children. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of TEs in children hospitalized during a five-year period in a tertiary pediatric hospital, particularly in patients with COVID-19 and MIS-C. Overall, 38 patients were discharged with the diagnosis of TE: 20 in the pre-pandemic and 18 in the pandemic period. The prevalence of TEs was the same (0.08%) in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. The occurrence of TEs was higher in patients with COVID-19 or MIS-C (6/517, 1.16%) when compared to children without these conditions in the pandemic and in the pre-pandemic periods. The prevalence of TEs in children with MIS-C was significantly higher than the prevalence in patients with COVID-19. Five out of six of the patients with COVID-19 or MIS-C developing a TE had at least one predisposing factor to thrombosis. In conclusion, our study shows an increased prevalence of TEs in children hospitalized with COVID-19 or MIS-C, if compared to children without COVID-19 or MIS-C in the pandemic period and in the pre-pandemic period. The prevalence of TEs was significantly higher in patients with MIS-C.
Keywords: COVID-19; children; multisystem inflammatory system; thrombosis.