The Sperm DNA Fragmentation Assay with SDF Level Less Than 15% Provides a Useful Prediction for Clinical Pregnancy and Live Birth for Women Aged under 40 Years

Shiao Chuan Chua; Steven John Yovich; Peter Michael Hinchliffe; John Lui Yovich

doi:10.3390/jpm13071079

The Sperm DNA Fragmentation Assay with SDF Level Less Than 15% Provides a Useful Prediction for Clinical Pregnancy and Live Birth for Women Aged under 40 Years

J Pers Med. 2023 Jun 29;13(7):1079. doi: 10.3390/jpm13071079.

Authors

Shiao Chuan Chua^{1

2}, Steven John Yovich¹, Peter Michael Hinchliffe¹, John Lui Yovich^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ PIVET Medical Centre, Perth, WA 6007, Australia.
² Hospital Shah Alam, Shah Alam 40000, Malaysia.
³ Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.

Abstract

This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1148 males who presented along with their partners for infertility management at the PIVET Medical Centre between 2013 and 2022 and had a sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) assay performed by Halosperm, thereafter participating in 1600 assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles utilising one of three modalities, namely, IVF-Only, ICSI-Only or IVF-ICSI Split cycles. The outcomes from the ART cycles were then analysed as two groups based on SDF levels <15% and ≥15%. The study showed the unadjusted fertilization rates were not different between the groups, neither across the four female age ranges. However, when the fertilization rates were adjusted for the mature oocytes (metaphase-II oocytes), there was a highly significant difference in fertilization rates in favour of the group with SDF levels < 15% where the women were in the younger age grouping of <35 years (78.4% vs. 73.0%; p < 0.0001). Overall, there was no difference in the rates of blastocyst development nor clinical pregnancy rates between the two SDF groups, but there was a significantly higher pregnancy rate for the younger women (<35 years) with the group of SDF level < 15% (44.1% vs. 37.4%; p = 0.04). Similarly, there was no difference in the miscarriage rates overall with respect to SDF groups, and no clear picture could be deciphered among the women's age groups. With respect to cumulative live births, this reflected the pregnancy rates with no overall difference between the two SDF groups, but there was a significantly higher cumulative live birth rate for women <35 years where the SDF level was <15% (38.6% vs. 28.6%; p < 0.01). Among the three modalities, the highest cumulative live birth rate occurred within the group with SDF level < 15%, being highest with the IVF mode, particularly for women aged <40 years (43.0% vs. 37.7% for IVF-ICSI Split and 27.9% for ICSI; p = 0.0002), noting that the IVF case numbers were disproportionately low.

Keywords: Halosperm test; IVF-ICSI Split; assisted reproductive technology (ART); female age effects; in vitro fertilization (IVF); intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI); sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF).

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding or commercial contributions. The entire project has been funded internally at PIVET Medical Centre.