AD is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory impairment and cognitive deficits. The pathology of AD is still unclear; however, several studies have shown that the aggregation of the Aβ peptide in the CNS is an exclusively pathological process involved in AD. Currently, there is no proven medication to cure or prevent the disease progression. Nevertheless, various therapeutic approaches for AD show only relief of symptoms and mostly work on cognitive recovery. However, one of the promising approaches for therapeutic intervention is to use inhibitors for blocking the Aβ peptide aggregation process. Recently, herbal phenolic compounds have been shown to have a therapeutic property for treatment of AD due to their multifaceted action. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of SA, Gn Rb1, and DMyr on inhibiting the aggregation and toxicity of Aβ40 and Aβ42 using different biochemical and cell-based assays. Our results showed that SA and DMyr inhibit Aβ40 and Aβ42 fibrillation, seeded aggregation, and toxicity. Gn Rb1 did not have any effect on the aggregation or toxicity induced by Aβ40 and Aβ42. Moreover, SA and DMyr were able to disaggregate the preformed fibrils. Overall, these compounds may be used alone or synergistically and could be considered as a lead for designing new compounds that could be used as effective treatment of AD and related disorders.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; aggregation; amyloid beta; amyloid fibrils; dihydromyricetin; ginsenoside Rb1; salvianolic acid; treatment discovery.