Silver metallization-triggered liposome-embedded AIE fluorophore for dual-mode detection of biogenic amines to fight food freshness fraud

Abstract

To combat food freshness fraud, it is urgent to develop a method which could realize the detection of biogenic amines (BAs) present in food. In our study, we developed a colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescence dual-mode sensor which integrated with silver metallization-based response system of AIE liposome + OPD + RSM + Ag⁺ toward BAs in foods for fighting freshness fraud. With the hydrolysis from the alkaline of BAs to resorcinol monoacetate (RSM), the production resorcinol (RS) could metallize silver ion (Ag⁺) to silver atoms (Ag⁰) which could lead to a BAs concentration-dependent decrease of the oxidation product 2,3-diaminophenothiazine (DAP) of Ag⁺ to o-phenylenediamine (OPD). As a result, the dual-mode sensor has a low detection limit and wide linear range in the spiked detection of soy products, pork and milk samples for BAs. Thus, providing a reliable method for food safety and forestalling food freshness fraud.

Keywords: AIE liposome; Ag(+) metallization; Biogenic amines; Food freshness fraud.