Purpose: To identify and synthesise the current evidence on social participation in adults with cerebral palsy (CP).
Methods: Four databases (PubMed, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, Web of Science) were systematically searched between December 2021 and February 2022. Pre-specified eligibility criteria were applied to all identified studies resulting in the inclusion of 16 articles. Data extraction was performed using a standardised tool and quality appraisal was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A narrative synthesis approach was taken for data analysis.
Results: The 16 included studies were rated as high (n = 11) and medium quality (n = 5). Numbers of participants included in the studies ranged from 7 to 335. Definitions of social participation were discussed. Common themes were identified: the impact of home and work environments on social participation, the importance of age-appropriate support and interventions, and the impact of limited autonomy on social participation.
Conclusions: Adults with CP experience limited social participation due to lack of appropriate support in childhood, issues across the lifespan including physical limitations when ageing, and factors such as societal expectations and inaccessible environments which limit opportunities for autonomy. Social participation may be improved by supporting families to provide opportunities in childhood, providing timely interventions, and by enhancing autonomy.
Keywords: Cerebral palsy; WHO ICF; adults; ageing; social participation; systematic review.
Considering the support needs of the wider family, in order to build a supportive family environment in childhood, could improve social participation opportunities for individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) in adulthood.Social participation in adulthood may be improved by encouraging independence and autonomy in childhood and adolescence.Taking a lifespan approach to services for individuals with CP could improve social participation and better prepare them for the challenges of adulthood.