Metabolic profiling reveals key metabolites regulating adventitious root formation in ancient Platycladus orientalis cuttings

Ermei Chang; Wei Guo; Yao Dong; Zirui Jia; Xiulian Zhao; Zeping Jiang; Li Zhang; Jin Zhang; Jianfeng Liu

doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1192371

Metabolic profiling reveals key metabolites regulating adventitious root formation in ancient Platycladus orientalis cuttings

Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jul 11:14:1192371. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192371. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Ermei Chang^{1

2}, Wei Guo³, Yao Dong⁴, Zirui Jia¹, Xiulian Zhao¹, Zeping Jiang⁴, Li Zhang⁵, Jin Zhang², Jianfeng Liu¹

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.
² State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
³ Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China.
⁴ Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Environment and Protection, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.
⁵ College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong, China.

Abstract

Platycladus orientalis, a common horticultural tree species, has an extremely long life span and forms a graceful canopy. Its branches, leaves, and cones have been used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, difficulty in rooting is the main limiting factor for the conservation of germplasm resources. This study shows that the rooting rates and root numbers of cuttings were significantly reduced in ancient P. orientalis donors compared to 5-year-old P. orientalis donors. The contents of differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in phenylpropanoid (caffeic acid and coniferyl alcohol) and flavonoid biosynthesis (cinnamoyl-CoA and isoliquiritigenin) pathways increased significantly in cuttings propagated from ancient P. orientalis donors compared to 5-year-old P. orientalis donors during adventitious root (AR) formation. These DAMs may prevent the ancient P. orientalis cuttings from rooting, and gradual lignification of callus was one of the main reasons for the failed rooting of ancient P. orientalis cuttings. The rooting rates of ancient P. orientalis cuttings were improved by wounding the callus to identify wounding-induced rooting-promoting metabolites. After wounding, the contents of DAMs in zeatin (5'-methylthioadenosine, cis-zeatin-O-glucoside, and adenine) and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (l-glutamine, l-histidine, l-isoleucine, l-leucine, and l-arginine) pathways increased, which might promote cell division and provided energy for the rooting process. The findings of our study suggest that breaking down the lignification of callus via wounding can eventually improve the rooting rates of ancient P. orientalis cuttings, which provides a new solution for cuttings of other difficult-to-root horticultural and woody plants.

Keywords: adventitious root formation; ancient tree; inhibitors; lignification; wounding.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National Non-Profit Research Institutions of the Chinese Academy of Forestry (RIF2014-11 and CAFYBB2020ZD002-4), the State Natural Science Fund projects (31870664), and the open fund of the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture (SKLSS-KF2022-09).