Invasive Candida infection: epidemiology, clinical and therapeutic aspects of an evolving disease and the role of rezafungin

Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2023 Jul-Dec;21(9):957-975. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2240956. Epub 2023 Aug 17.

Abstract

Introduction: Invasive Candida Infections (ICIs) have undergone a series of significant epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinical changes during the last decades, with a shift toward non-albicans species, an increase in the rate of exogenous infections and clinical manifestations ranging from candidemia to an array of highly invasive and life-threatening clinical syndromes. The long-acting echinocandin rezafungin exhibits potent in-vitro activity against most wild-type and azole-resistant Candida spp. including C.auris.

Areas covered: The following topics regarding candidemia only and ICIs were reviewed and addressed: i) pathogenesis; ii) epidemiology and temporal evolution of Candida species; iii) clinical approach; iv) potential role of the novel long-acting rezafungin in the treatment of ICIs.

Expert opinion: Authors' expert opinion focused on considering the potential role of rezafungin in the evolving context of ICIs. Rezafungin, which combines a potent in-vitro activity against Candida species, including azole-resistant strains and C.auris, with a low likelihood of drug-drug interactions and a good safety profile, may revolutionize the treatment of candidemia/ICI. Indeed, it may shorten the length of hospital stays when clinical conditions allow and extend outpatient access to treatment of invasive candidiasis, especially when prolonged treatment duration is expected.

Keywords: Candida auris; Candidemia; Invasive Candida infection (ICI); echinocandin; fluconazole resistant; long-acting; non-albicans Candida species; rezafungin.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antifungal Agents / adverse effects
  • Azoles / pharmacology
  • Azoles / therapeutic use
  • Candida
  • Candidemia* / drug therapy
  • Candidemia* / epidemiology
  • Candidiasis, Invasive* / drug therapy
  • Candidiasis, Invasive* / epidemiology
  • Echinocandins / pharmacology
  • Echinocandins / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Substances

  • Rezafungin
  • Antifungal Agents
  • Echinocandins
  • Azoles

Supplementary concepts

  • Systemic candidiasis