The impact of high-glucose or high-fat diets on the metabolomic profiling of mice

Dadi Xie; Yanbo Zhang; Yujin Guo; Xianzhong Xue; Shiyuan Zhao; Chunmei Geng; Yuanyuan Li; Rui Yang; Yizhang Gan; Hanbing Li; Zhongfa Ren; Pei Jiang

doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1171806

The impact of high-glucose or high-fat diets on the metabolomic profiling of mice

Front Nutr. 2023 Jul 10:10:1171806. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1171806. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Dadi Xie^{1

2}, Yanbo Zhang¹, Yujin Guo³, Xianzhong Xue¹, Shiyuan Zhao³, Chunmei Geng³, Yuanyuan Li¹, Rui Yang⁴, Yizhang Gan¹, Hanbing Li¹, Zhongfa Ren¹, Pei Jiang³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, China.
² Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
³ Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
⁴ Department of Paediatrics, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, China.

Abstract

Objective: Diets high in glucose or fat contribute to an increased prevalence of the diseases. Therefore, the objective of the current research was to observe and evaluate the impact of dietary components on different metabolomic profiles in primary tissues of mice.

Methods: For 8 weeks, diet with high-glucose or-fat was given to C57BL/6 J mice. The levels of metabolites in the primary tissues of mice were studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and analyzed using multivariate statistics.

Results: By comparing the metabolic profiles between the two diet groups and control group in mice main tissues, our study revealed 32 metabolites in the high-glucose diet (HGD) group and 28 metabolites in the high-fat diet (HFD) group. The most significantly altered metabolites were amino acids (AAs; L-alanine, L-valine, glycine, L-aspartic acid, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-threonine, L-glutamic acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, serine, proline, and lysine), fatty acids (FAs; propanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexanoic acid, and myristic acid), and organic compounds (succinic acid, malic acid, citric acid, L-(+)-lactic acid, myo-inositol, and urea). These metabolites are implicated in many metabolic pathways related to energy, AAs, and lipids metabolism.

Conclusion: We systematically analyzed the metabolic changes underlying high-glucose or high-fat diet. The two divergent diets induced patent changes in AA and lipid metabolism in the main tissues, and helped identify metabolic pathways in a mouse model.

Keywords: diet; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; glucolipid; metabolome; tissue.