Retromode imaging in retinal diseases: A systematic review of the literature

Abstract

Retromode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging captures a pseudo-3-dimensional image of the ocular fundus. Retromode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging was introduced first in 2008 using the Nidek F-10 scanning laser ophthalmoscope (F-10; Nidek Co., Gamagori, Japan). At that time, no major role was described for this imaging modality. The interest in retromode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging is reemerging with the recent advent of the Mirante that combines scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography (Nidek Co., Gamagori, Japan) that can capture retromode images of the fundus. We summarize the findings and clinical implications of retromode imaging using the Nidek F-10 and the Mirante in retinal diseases with the aim of helping researchers direct their future studies.

Keywords: Choroid; Retina; Retinal imaging; Retro-mode imaging; Retro-mode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy; Retromode imaging; Retromode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy; Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.