Impact and mitigation of lead, cadmium and micro/nano plastics in fragrant rice

Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Ansar Farooq; Ayesha Batool; Sarfraz Shafiq; Muhammad Junaid; Jun Wang; Xiangru Tang

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122224

Impact and mitigation of lead, cadmium and micro/nano plastics in fragrant rice

Environ Pollut. 2023 Oct 1:334:122224. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122224. Epub 2023 Jul 19.

Authors

Muhammad Imran¹, Muhammad Ansar Farooq², Ayesha Batool², Sarfraz Shafiq³, Muhammad Junaid⁴, Jun Wang⁴, Xiangru Tang⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China.
² Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
³ Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
⁴ Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
⁵ Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: tangxr@scau.edu.cn.

PMID: 37479167
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122224

Abstract

Heavy metals (HMs) and micro(nano)plastics (MNPs), represent a significant risk to global food supply as well as a potential risk to humankind. Over 50% of the worldwide population eat rice every day, and rice aroma is a significant qualitative trait that is highly valued by consumers and fetches premium prices in the global market. Despite the huge commercial importance of fragrant rice, limited studies were directed to investigate the influence of HMs and MNPs on yield related traits and 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) compound, mainly responsible for aroma production in fragrant rice. In this review, we found that the interaction of HMs and MNPs in fragrant rice is complex and accumulation of HMs and MNPs was higher in root as compared to the grains. Nutrients and phytohormones mediated mitigation of HMs and MNPs were most effective sustainable strategies. In addition, monitoring the checkpoints of 2-AP biosynthesis and its interaction with HMs and MNPs is challenging. Finally, we explained the potential challenges that fragrant rice faces considering the continuous rise in environmental pollutants and discussed the future avenues of research to improve fragrant rice's yield and qualitative traits.

Keywords: 2-AP biosynthesis; Fragrant rice; Heavy metals; Microplastics; Nanoplastics; OMICS remediation strategies; Toxicity.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Cadmium*
Microplastics
Odorants
Oryza*
Plastics

Substances

Cadmium
Microplastics
Plastics