Nucleoside drugs play an essential role in treating major diseases such as tumor and viral infections, and have been widely applied in clinics. However, the effectiveness and application of nucleoside drugs are significantly limited by their intrinsic properties such as low bioavailability, lack of targeting ability, and inability to enter the cells. Nanocarriers can improve the physiological properties of nucleoside drugs by improving drug delivery efficiency and availability, maintaining drug efficacy and system stability, adjusting the binding ability of the carrier and drug molecules, as well as modifying specific molecules to achieve active targeting. Starting from the design strategy of nucleoside drug nanodelivery systems, the design and therapeutic effect of these nanomedicines are described in this review, and the future development directions of nucleoside/nucleotide-loaded nanomedicines are also discussed.
核苷类药物在肿瘤和病毒等疾病的临床治疗中占据重要地位，但这类药物生物利用度低，缺乏靶向性，入胞效率较低，极大地制约了临床应用。设计并利用纳米载体，通过提升载药效率与药物利用度、维持药效与系统稳定性、调整载体与药物分子的结合能力、修饰特异性分子实现主动靶向等方式，能够改善核苷类药物的生理学性质。本文从核苷类药物纳米递送系统设计策略出发，综述了针对核苷类药物的纳米递送系统载体设计及包载效果。.
Keywords: Antineoplastics; Antiviral drugs; Nanodrug delivery system; Nucleoside analogue; Nucleoside drugs; Nucleotide; Review.