Comprehensive, Continuous, and Vertical Measurements of Seawater Constituents with Triple-Field-of-View High-Spectral-Resolution Lidar

Kai Zhang; Yatong Chen; Hongkai Zhao; Zhongping Lee; Emmanuel Boss; Iwona Stachlewska; Davide Dionisi; Cédric Jamet; Paolo D Girolamo; Aleksey Malinka; Chengchong Jiang; Hongda Wu; Lingyun Wu; Feitong Chen; Xiaolei Zhu; Nanchao Wang; Chuxiao Chen; Qun Liu; Lan Wu; Yudi Zhou; Weibiao Chen; Dong Liu

doi:10.34133/research.0201

Comprehensive, Continuous, and Vertical Measurements of Seawater Constituents with Triple-Field-of-View High-Spectral-Resolution Lidar

Research (Wash D C). 2023 Jul 19:6:0201. doi: 10.34133/research.0201. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Kai Zhang^{1

2}, Yatong Chen^{1

3}, Hongkai Zhao¹, Zhongping Lee⁴, Emmanuel Boss⁵, Iwona Stachlewska⁶, Davide Dionisi⁷, Cédric Jamet⁸, Paolo D Girolamo⁹, Aleksey Malinka¹⁰, Chengchong Jiang¹, Hongda Wu¹, Lingyun Wu¹, Feitong Chen¹, Xiaolei Zhu¹¹, Nanchao Wang¹, Chuxiao Chen¹, Qun Liu¹, Lan Wu¹, Yudi Zhou¹, Weibiao Chen¹¹, Dong Liu^{1

2

12

13}

Affiliations

¹ Ningbo Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
² ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China.
³ Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316021, China.
⁴ State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
⁵ School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5741, USA.
⁶ Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02093, Poland.
⁷ Institute of Marine Sciences, Italian National Research Council, Rome 00133, Italy.
⁸ Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, Univ. Lille, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Wimereux F-62930, France.
⁹ Institute Scuola di Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy.
¹⁰ Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk 220072, Belarus.
¹¹ Key Laboratory of Space Laser Communication and Detection Technology, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
¹² Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China.
¹³ Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing 314000, China.

Abstract

Measuring the characteristics of seawater constituent is in great demand for studies of marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry. However, existing techniques based on remote sensing or in situ samplings present various tradeoffs with regard to the diversity, synchronism, temporal-spatial resolution, and depth-resolved capacity of their data products. Here, we demonstrate a novel oceanic triple-field-of-view (FOV) high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) with an iterative retrieval approach. This technique provides, for the first time, comprehensive, continuous, and vertical measurements of seawater absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, and slope of particle size distribution, which are validated by simulations and field experiments. Furthermore, it depicts valuable application potentials in the accuracy improvement of seawater classification and the continuous estimation of depth-resolved particulate organic carbon export. The triple-FOV HSRL with high performance could greatly increase the knowledge of seawater constituents and promote the understanding of marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry.