Intracranial hemorrhage detection in 3D computed tomography images using a bi-directional long short-term memory network-based modified genetic algorithm

Jewel Sengupta; Robertas Alzbutas; Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski; Bożena Falkowska-Gilska

doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1200630

Intracranial hemorrhage detection in 3D computed tomography images using a bi-directional long short-term memory network-based modified genetic algorithm

Front Neurosci. 2023 Jul 4:17:1200630. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1200630. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Jewel Sengupta¹, Robertas Alzbutas¹, Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski², Bożena Falkowska-Gilska³

Affiliations

¹ Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania.
² Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland.
³ Specialist Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, Olsztyn, Poland.

Abstract

Introduction: Intracranial hemorrhage detection in 3D Computed Tomography (CT) brain images has gained more attention in the research community. The major issue to deal with the 3D CT brain images is scarce and hard to obtain the labelled data with better recognition results.

Methods: To overcome the aforementioned problem, a new model has been implemented in this research manuscript. After acquiring the images from the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) 2019 database, the region of interest (RoI) was segmented by employing Otsu's thresholding method. Then, feature extraction was performed utilizing Tamura features: directionality, contrast, coarseness, and Gradient Local Ternary Pattern (GLTP) descriptors to extract vectors from the segmented RoI regions. The extracted vectors were dimensionally reduced by proposing a modified genetic algorithm, where the infinite feature selection technique was incorporated with the conventional genetic algorithm to further reduce the redundancy within the regularized vectors. The selected optimal vectors were finally fed to the Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network to classify intracranial hemorrhage sub-types, such as subdural, intraparenchymal, subarachnoid, epidural, and intraventricular.

Results: The experimental investigation demonstrated that the Bi-LSTM based modified genetic algorithm obtained 99.40% sensitivity, 99.80% accuracy, and 99.48% specificity, which are higher compared to the existing machine learning models: Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network.

Keywords: Tamura features; bi-directional long short-term memory network; computed tomography; genetic algorithm; gradient local ternary pattern; intracranial hemorrhage detection; region of interest.