Gender-affirming care in the assessment and treatment of psychosis risk: Considering minority stress in current practice and future research

Early Interv Psychiatry. 2024 Mar;18(3):207-216. doi: 10.1111/eip.13456. Epub 2023 Jul 18.

Abstract

Introduction: Although research has documented the marked disparities in rates of psychosis-spectrum diagnoses in various socially marginalized populations, there is limited research addressing the needs of gender expansive individuals in the context of psychosis-spectrum illnesses using a minority stress lens. As clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-p) assessment and treatment becomes accessible to increasingly diverse populations, there is a need for clinicians to demonstrate greater clinical competency working with individuals across diverse social backgrounds and identities.

Methods: We examined rates of gender expansive (GE) patients seeking evaluation at an urban-based CHR-p clinic and compared the diagnostic profile of GE individuals to cisgender patients. Post-hoc analyses were conducted on clinical variables with significant differences between the cisgender and GE groups.

Results: The proportion of GE patients seeking evaluation increased from 2017 (9.3%) to 2021 (16.7%). Compared to cisgender youth, GE patients had significantly higher depressive, social anxiety, borderline personality disorder symptoms, higher levels of suicidality and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviour, and lower role functioning. Gender identity was predictive of suicidality controlling for social anxiety, borderline symptoms, and role functioning.

Conclusions: We review implications for CHR-p treatment and discuss ways to integrate minority stress theory and gender-affirming practices into coordinated specialty care for CHR-p patients.

Keywords: LGBTQ health; minority stress; psychosis-risk; transgender populations.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Female
  • Gender Identity
  • Gender-Affirming Care
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Psychotic Disorders* / diagnosis
  • Psychotic Disorders* / therapy
  • Suicidal Ideation
  • Transgender Persons*