Background: Patient education is a recommended treatment strategy for persistent low back pain (PLBP). Pain neuroscience education (PNE) is an emerging concept with boundaries still unclear.
Objective: To clarify the PNE concept and identify its key characteristics in PLBP management.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted using the following databases: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Pedro.
Inclusion criteria: publications in English or French on pain neuroscience education and chronic low back pain, educational books cited in white literature. Three reviewers independently selected eligible studies for final inclusion. Numerical analysis and narrative synthesis were carried out from the extracted data.
Results: From 919 identified publications, 54 were selected. Ten educational resources were added. PNE refers to a theoretical framework, a specific educational intervention, and an overall care approach. It is characterized by the intention to help the patient reconceptualize their PLBP from a tissue injury marker to a protective, neurobiological perspective, and then to increase adherence to biopsychosocial rehabilitation and normalize cognitive-behavioral responses. Pain sciences concepts are presented with an optimization of learning strategies.
Conclusion: PNE stands out from other educational and cognitive behavioral approaches through its objective of changing the pain concept.
Keywords: Low back pain; chronic pain; education; neurosciences.