Fabrication of polypyrrole gas sensor for detection of NH3 using an oxidizing agent and pyrrole combinations: Studies and characterizations

Alok Jain; Ansari Novman Nabeel; Sunita Bhagwat; Rajeev Kumar; Shubham Sharma; Drazan Kozak; Anica Hunjet; Abhinav Kumar; Rajesh Singh

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17611

Fabrication of polypyrrole gas sensor for detection of NH₃ using an oxidizing agent and pyrrole combinations: Studies and characterizations

Heliyon. 2023 Jun 24;9(7):e17611. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17611. eCollection 2023 Jul.

Authors

Alok Jain¹, Ansari Novman Nabeel², Sunita Bhagwat³, Rajeev Kumar⁴, Shubham Sharma^{5

6

7}, Drazan Kozak⁸, Anica Hunjet⁹, Abhinav Kumar¹⁰, Rajesh Singh^{11

12}

Affiliations

¹ School of Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144411, India.
² Research Scholar, School of Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144411, India.
³ Department of Physics, Abasaheb Garware College, Savitribai Phule University, Pune-411004, India.
⁴ School of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144411, India.
⁵ Deptt. of Mechanical Engg., University Centre for Research and Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
⁶ School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China.
⁷ Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland.
⁸ University of Slavonski Brod, Mechanical Engineering Faculty in Slavonski Brod, Trg Ivane Brlić-Mažuranić 2, HR-35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia.
⁹ University Center Varaždin, University North 104. Brigade 3, HR-42 000 Varaždin, Croatia.
¹⁰ Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
¹¹ Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India.
¹² Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche C.P. 24560, Mexico.

Abstract

The organic polymer known as Polypyrrole (Ppy) is synthesized when pyrrole monomers are polymerized. Excellent thermal stability, superior electrical conductivity, and environmental stability are all characteristics of Polypyrrole. Chemical oxidative polymerization was used to synthesize Ppy using Ferric chloride (FeCl₃) as an oxidizing agent and surfactant CTAB in aqueous solution. Oxidant (FeCl₃) to pyrrole varied in different molar ratios (2, 3, 4 and 5). It was found that increasing this ratio up to 4 increases PPy's conductivity. XRD, FTIR, and SEM were used to characterize Ppy. The conductive nature of Ppy was studied by I-V characteristics. The best conductive polymer is studied for the NH₃ gas response.

Keywords: Chemical oxidative polymerization; Conductivity; Ferric chloride (FeCl3); Monomers; NH3 gas response; Polypyrrole.