Impacts of industrial production and air quality by remote sensing on nitrogen dioxide concentration and related effects: An econometric approach

Robert Kurniawan; Anas Rulloh Budi Alamsyah; Ahmad Fudholi; Agung Purwanto; Bagus Sumargo; Prana Ugiana Gio; Sri Kuswantono Wongsonadi; Alton Endarwanto Hadi Susanto

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122212

Impacts of industrial production and air quality by remote sensing on nitrogen dioxide concentration and related effects: An econometric approach

Environ Pollut. 2023 Oct 1:334:122212. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122212. Epub 2023 Jul 14.

Authors

Robert Kurniawan¹, Anas Rulloh Budi Alamsyah², Ahmad Fudholi³, Agung Purwanto⁴, Bagus Sumargo⁵, Prana Ugiana Gio⁶, Sri Kuswantono Wongsonadi⁷, Alton Endarwanto Hadi Susanto⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Statistical Computing, Politeknik Statistika STIS, 13330, Bidaracina, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Population and Environmental Education, Faculty of Post-Graduate, State University of Jakarta, 13220, Rawamangun, Jakarta, Indonesia. Electronic address: robertk@stis.ac.id.
² Department of Statistical Computing, Politeknik Statistika STIS, 13330, Bidaracina, Jakarta, Indonesia.
³ Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Center for Energy Conversion and Conservation, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia.
⁴ Department of Population and Environmental Education, Faculty of Post-Graduate, State University of Jakarta, 13220, Rawamangun, Jakarta, Indonesia.
⁵ Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, State University of Jakarta, 13220, Rawamangun, Jakarta, Indonesia.
⁶ Department of Mathematics, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 20155, Medan, Indonesia.
⁷ Department of Community Education, Faculty of Education, State University of Jakarta, 13220, Rawamangun, Jakarta, Indonesia.
⁸ Department of Population and Environmental Education, Faculty of Post-Graduate, State University of Jakarta, 13220, Rawamangun, Jakarta, Indonesia; Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional (Lemhannas), Jakarta, Indonesia.

PMID: 37454714
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122212

Abstract

The high concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is to blame for West Java's poor Air Quality Index (AQI). So, this study aims to determine the influence of industrial activity as reflected by the value of its imports and exports, wind speed, and ozone (O₃) on the high concentration of tropospheric NO₂. The method used is the econometric Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach to capture the existence of a short-term and long-term relationship between tropospheric NO₂ and its predictor variables. The data used in this study is in the form of monthly time series data for the 2018-2022 period sourced from satellite images (Sentinel-5P and ECMWF Climate Reanalysis) and publications of the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS-Statistics Indonesia). The results explained that, in the short-term, tropospheric NO₂ and O₃ influence each other as they would in a photochemical reaction. In the long-term, exports from the industrial sector and wind speed have a significant effect on the concentration of tropospheric NO₂. The short-term effect occurs directly in the first month after the shock, while the long-term effect occurs in the second month after the shock. Wind gusts originating from industrial areas cause air conditions to be even more alarming because tropospheric NO₂ pollutants spread throughout the region in West Java. Based on the coefficient correlation result, the high number of pneumonia cases is one of the impacts caused by air pollution.

Keywords: Air pollution; Industrial activity; Nitrogen dioxide; VECM; Wind.

MeSH terms

Air Pollutants* / analysis
Air Pollution* / analysis
Environmental Monitoring / methods
Nitrogen Dioxide / analysis
Ozone* / analysis
Remote Sensing Technology

Substances

Nitrogen Dioxide
Air Pollutants
Ozone